
Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the Galapagos penguin, found north of the equator. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have evolved into flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch while swimming underwater. They spend roughly half of their lives on land and the other half in the sea. Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin live so far south. Several species are found in the temperate zone, and one species, the Galápagos penguin, lives near the equator. The largest living species is the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): on average, adults are about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) tall and weigh 35 kg (77 lb). The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands around 40 cm (16 in) tall and weighs 1 kg (2.2 lb). Among extant penguins, larger penguins inhabit colder regions, while smaller penguins are generally found in temperate or even tropical climates (see also Bergmann's rule). Some prehistoric species attained enormous sizes, becoming as tall or as heavy as an adult hu... Learn more about Penguin
View all family groups for: Marine Bird
Penguin Species Videos
View All Penguin Videos
Common Name | Scientific Name | Conservation Status |
Adelie Penguin (901 videos) | Pygoscelis adeliae | Least concern |
African Penguin (404 videos) | Spheniscus demersus | Endangered |
Chinstrap Penguin (194 videos) | Pygoscelis antarcticus | Least concern |
Emperor Penguin (898 videos) | Aptenodytes forsteri | Near threatened |
Galapagos Penguin (53 videos) | Spheniscus mendiculus | Endangered |
Gentoo Penguin (742 videos) | Pygoscelis papua | Least concern |
Humboldt Penguin (676 videos) | Spheniscus humboldti | Vulnerable |
King Penguin (551 videos) | Aptenodytes patagonicus | Least concern |
Little Blue Penguin (14 videos) | Eudyptula minor | Least concern |
Macaroni Penguin (58 videos) | Eudyptes chrysolophus | Vulnerable |
Magellanic Penguin (138 videos) | Spheniscus magellanicus | Least concern |
Rockhopper Penguin (187 videos) | Eudyptes chrysocome | Vulnerable |
Royal Penguin (137 videos) | Eudyptes schlegeli | Near threatened |
Yellow-eyed Penguin (66 videos) | Megadyptes antipodes | Endangered |